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國務院辦公廳關于科學綠化的指導意見

欄目:國家政策法規 發布(bu)時間:2021-07-20 瀏覽(lan)量(liang): 825

國辦發〔202119

 

各省、自治區、直轄市人民政府,國務院各部委、各直屬機構:

科學綠化是遵循自然規律和經濟規律、保護修復自然生態系統、建設綠水青山的內在要求,是改善生態環境、應對氣候變化、維護生態安全的重要舉措,對建設生態文明和美麗中國具有重大意義。為推動國土綠化高質量發展,經國務院同意,現提出以下意見。

一、總體要(yao)求

(一)指導思想。以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導,全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會精神,深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想,認真落實黨中央、國務院決策部署,立足新發展階段、貫徹新發展理念、構建新發展格局,踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山的理念,尊重自然、順應自然、保護自然,統籌山水林田湖草沙系統治理,走科學、生態、節儉的綠化發展之路;加強規劃引領,優化資源配置,強化質量監管,完善政策機制,全面推行林長制,科學開展大規模國土綠化行動,增強生態系統功能和生態產品供給能力,提升生態系統碳匯增量,推動生態環境根本好轉,為建設美麗中國提供良好生態保障。

(二(er))工作原則。

——堅持保護優先、自然恢復為主,人工修復與自然恢復相結合,遵循生態系統內在規律開展林草植被建設,著力提高生態系統自我修復能力和穩定性。

——堅持規劃引領、頂層謀劃,合理布局綠化空間,統籌推進山水林田湖草沙一體化保護和修復。

——堅持因地制宜、適地適綠,充分考慮水資源承載能力,宜喬則喬、宜灌則灌、宜草則草,構建健康穩定的生態系統。

——堅持節約優先、量力而行,統籌考慮生態合理性和經濟可行性,數量和質量并重,節儉務實開展國土綠化。

二、主要任(ren)務

(三)科學編制綠(lv)化相(xiang)關規劃(hua)。地(di)方人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府要組織編制綠化(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua),與國土空(kong)(kong)間規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)銜接,疊(die)加(jia)至同級國土空(kong)(kong)間規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)“一(yi)張(zhang)圖(tu)”,實(shi)(shi)現多(duo)規(gui)(gui)(gui)合(he)一(yi)。落實(shi)(shi)最(zui)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)耕地(di)保護制度(du),合(he)理確定規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)范圍、綠化(hua)目標任(ren)務;城市綠化(hua)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)要滿足(zu)城市健康、安(an)全、宜居的(de)(de)要求。地(di)方人民(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府要加(jia)強對綠化(hua)相(xiang)(xiang)關規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)的(de)(de)檢(jian)查和督促落實(shi)(shi),任(ren)何部門、單位或個人不得(de)隨意變更(geng)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua),不得(de)擅自改變綠化(hua)用地(di)面(mian)積、性質和用途(tu)。(國(guo)家林草局、國(guo)家發展改(gai)革委(wei)、自(zi)然資源部(bu)、住房城鄉建設部(bu)、交通(tong)運輸部(bu)、水利部(bu)等按職(zhi)責分工負責,地(di)方(fang)人民政府負責落實。以下均需地(di)方(fang)人民政府落實,不再列出)

(四)合理安(an)排(pai)綠化(hua)用地。各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)根(gen)據第(di)三次全(quan)國(guo)國(guo)土(tu)調查數據和(he)國(guo)土(tu)空間規(gui)(gui)劃(hua),綜合(he)考慮土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)利用結構、土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)適宜(yi)性等(deng)(deng)因素,科學(xue)劃(hua)定綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),實(shi)行(xing)精準(zhun)化(hua)管(guan)理。以宜(yi)林(lin)(lin)荒(huang)山(shan)荒(huang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)荒(huang)灘(tan)、荒(huang)廢和(he)受(shou)損山(shan)體、退化(hua)林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)為主(zhu)開(kai)展綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)。結合(he)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)更新,采(cai)取拆違建(jian)綠(lv)(lv)、留白(bai)增(zeng)綠(lv)(lv)等(deng)(deng)方式,增(zeng)加(jia)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)特大城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、超大城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)通(tong)過(guo)建(jian)設用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)騰(teng)挪、農(nong)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)轉用等(deng)(deng)方式加(jia)大留白(bai)增(zeng)綠(lv)(lv)力(li)度,留足綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)空間。鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)通(tong)過(guo)農(nong)村土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)綜合(he)整治,利用廢棄閑置土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)增(zeng)加(jia)村莊綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di);結合(he)高(gao)標準(zhun)農(nong)田(tian)建(jian)設,科學(xue)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)、因害(hai)設防建(jian)設農(nong)田(tian)防護林(lin)(lin)。依法合(he)規(gui)(gui)開(kai)展鐵路、公路、河渠兩側,湖庫周邊等(deng)(deng)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)建(jian)設。嚴禁違規(gui)(gui)占(zhan)用耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)造(zao)林(lin)(lin),確需占(zhan)用的,必須依法依規(gui)(gui)嚴格(ge)履行(xing)審批手(shou)續。遏制耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)“非農(nong)化(hua)”、防止“非糧化(hua)”。嚴禁開(kai)山(shan)造(zao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、填(tian)湖填(tian)海(hai)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua),禁止在河湖管(guan)理范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)內種(zhong)植阻(zu)礙行(xing)洪的林(lin)(lin)木(mu)。(自然資源部(bu)、國家林草(cao)局、住房城鄉建設部(bu)、交通運輸部(bu)、水利部(bu)、農(nong)業農(nong)村部(bu)、中國國家鐵(tie)路(lu)集(ji)團有限(xian)公司等按職責(ze)分工負(fu)責(ze))

(五(wu))合(he)理利用(yong)水(shui)資源。國土綠化要充分考慮降水、地表水、地下水等水資源的時空分布和承載能力,堅持以水而定、量水而行,宜綠則綠、宜荒則荒,科學恢復林草植被。年降水量400毫米以下干旱半干旱地區的綠化規劃要經過水資源論證,以雨養、節水為導向,以恢復灌草植被為主,推廣喬灌草結合的綠化模式,提倡低密度造林育林,合理運用集水、節水造林種草技術,防止過度用水造成生態環境破壞。加強人工增雨作業,提高造林綠化效率。統籌生活、生產、生態用水需求,合理配置綠化用水,適度有序開展城鎮周邊節水綠化。綠洲農業區要充分考慮水資源條件,加強天然綠洲和生態過渡帶保護,兼顧綠洲保護和農田防護林用水需求,合理確定造林規模和密度,確保農業生態屏障可持續發展。(國家(jia)林草局、水利部(bu)(bu)、農業農村部(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)國氣象局等按(an)職責分工(gong)負責)

(六)科學選擇綠化樹種草種。積極采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鄉土(tu)(tu)(tu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行綠化,審慎使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)外來樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。各地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)(yao)制定鄉土(tu)(tu)(tu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄,提(ti)倡使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)樣化樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營造混交林。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據自然地(di)(di)(di)理氣候(hou)條件(jian)、植(zhi)被生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育(yu)規律(lv)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態需要(yao)(yao),合理選擇(ze)綠化樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。江(jiang)河(he)兩岸、湖庫周邊要(yao)(yao)優(you)先(xian)(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗逆性強、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達、固(gu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)能力(li)強、防護性能好(hao)的(de)(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。干旱(han)缺水、風沙嚴(yan)重地(di)(di)(di)區要(yao)(yao)優(you)先(xian)(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐干旱(han)、耐瘠薄、抗風沙的(de)(de)灌木樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。海岸帶要(yao)(yao)優(you)先(xian)(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐鹽堿、耐水濕(shi)、抗風能力(li)強的(de)(de)深(shen)根(gen)(gen)(gen)性樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。水土(tu)(tu)(tu)流失嚴(yan)重地(di)(di)(di)區要(yao)(yao)優(you)先(xian)(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)達、固(gu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)保水能力(li)強的(de)(de)防護樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。水熱條件(jian)好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)地(di)(di)(di)區要(yao)(yao)優(you)先(xian)(xian)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長快、產量高、抗病蟲害的(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)珍貴用(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。居民區周邊要(yao)(yao)兼(jian)顧群眾健康因(yin)素,避免選用(yong)(yong)(yong)易致人體過(guo)敏(min)的(de)(de)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。加大(da)鄉土(tu)(tu)(tu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)繁(fan)育(yu)基地(di)(di)(di)建設力(li)度,引導以(yi)需定產、訂單育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、就近(jin)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),避免長距離調運(yun)綠化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。(國家林草局、水利部(bu)等按職責分工(gong)負責)

(七(qi))規范開展綠化設計(ji)施(shi)工。承擔國(guo)家投資或以國(guo)家投資為主的綠(lv)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)單位(wei)要編制作(zuo)業設(she)計(ji)(或綠(lv)化(hua)方案,下同),綠(lv)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)主管(guan)部門(men)要會(hui)(hui)同相關部門(men)對作(zuo)業設(she)計(ji)的用(yong)(yong)地、用(yong)(yong)水、技術措施等(deng)進行合理性評價,并監督實施。社會(hui)(hui)普遍關心(xin)且(qie)政府主導(dao)的重大綠(lv)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu),必須經過科學(xue)論證,廣泛(fan)聽(ting)取各方面(mian)意見。加強綠(lv)化(hua)施工管(guan)理,充分(fen)保護原生植被、野生動物棲息地、珍稀植物等(deng),禁止毀壞表土、全墾整地等(deng),避免造成水土流失或土地退化(hua)。(國(guo)家林草局、自然資源部、住房城鄉建設(she)部、交通(tong)運輸(shu)部、水利部、中國(guo)國(guo)家鐵路集團有限(xian)公(gong)司等(deng)按(an)職(zhi)責分工(gong)負責)

(八(ba))科學推(tui)進(jin)重點區域(yu)植(zhi)被恢復。根據全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)要(yao)生態系統保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)重(zhong)大(da)工程總體(ti)(ti)布局,針(zhen)對重(zhong)點區域的突出生態問題,因地制宜(yi)確定綠化方(fang)(fang)式。長江(jiang)、黃(huang)河等大(da)江(jiang)大(da)河的源(yuan)頭、干(gan)支流(liu)(liu)、左(zuo)右岸要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)封山(shan)育林(lin)(lin)(lin)育草(cao)(cao),推進水(shui)源(yuan)涵養林(lin)(lin)(lin)、水(shui)土保(bao)(bao)持林(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)設和小流(liu)(liu)域綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)理;北方(fang)(fang)防(fang)沙帶(dai)(dai)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)封禁保(bao)(bao)護(hu)力(li)度(du),建(jian)(jian)設以灌草(cao)(cao)為主、喬灌草(cao)(cao)合(he)理搭配(pei)的林(lin)(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)植被;青藏高原區要(yao)嚴格保(bao)(bao)護(hu)原生植被,主要(yao)依靠自然恢復(fu)天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)植被,適(shi)度(du)開展(zhan)退(tui)化土地治(zhi)理、礦山(shan)生態修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)和人(ren)工草(cao)(cao)場建(jian)(jian)設;海岸帶(dai)(dai)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)沿海防(fang)護(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)體(ti)(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設,積(ji)極(ji)推進城鄉綠化美化;東北森林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)(dai)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)力(li)度(du);南(nan)方(fang)(fang)丘陵(ling)山(shan)地帶(dai)(dai)要(yao)推進水(shui)土流(liu)(liu)失(shi)和石(shi)漠化綜(zong)合(he)治(zhi)理,精準提(ti)升森林(lin)(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量,構建(jian)(jian)穩定高效多功(gong)能的林(lin)(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)生態系統,筑牢生態屏障。(國家林(lin)草局、自然資源部、住房城鄉(xiang)建設部、水利部等(deng)按職責分(fen)工負(fu)責)

(九)穩步有序(xu)開展退(tui)耕還林還草。進一步完善退耕還林還草政策,建立長效機制,切實鞏固退耕還林還草成果。落實國務院已批準的25度以上坡耕地、陡坡梯田、重要水源地1525度坡耕地、嚴重沙化耕地、嚴重污染耕地的退耕還林還草任務。相關主管部門要做好退耕地塊的土地用途變更和不動產變更登記工作。開展退耕還林還草要結合生態建設和產業發展需要,充分考慮群眾意愿,兼顧生態和經濟效益。科學發展特色經濟林果、花卉苗木、林下經濟等綠色富民產業,實現經濟發展和民生改善良性循環。(國(guo)家發展(zhan)改革委、財政部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家林草局、自然(ran)資源部(bu)(bu)、農業農村部(bu)(bu)等按職責(ze)分工負責(ze))

(十)節儉務實推進(jin)城鄉(xiang)綠化。充分(fen)利用城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)廢棄地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、邊角地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、房前屋后(hou)等(deng)見縫插綠(lv)(lv),推進立體綠(lv)(lv)化,做到(dao)應綠(lv)(lv)盡綠(lv)(lv)。增強城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的系統(tong)性、協同性,構(gou)建綠(lv)(lv)道網(wang)絡(luo),實(shi)現城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)連接貫(guan)通。加大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)公(gong)園(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建設力(li)度(du),形成布局(ju)合理的公(gong)園(yuan)體系。提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生態(tai)功(gong)能,有效發揮綠(lv)(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)服務居(ju)(ju)民(min)休閑游(you)憩、體育健身、防災避險等(deng)綜(zong)合功(gong)能。推廣(guang)抗逆(ni)性強、養(yang)護(hu)成本(ben)低的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)植物,提(ti)倡(chang)種(zhong)(zhong)植低耗水(shui)(shui)草坪,減少種(zhong)(zhong)植高(gao)耗水(shui)(shui)草坪。加大(da)(da)楊柳飛絮、致敏(min)花粉等(deng)防治(zhi)研究和治(zhi)理力(li)度(du),提(ti)升城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)(ju)民(min)綠(lv)(lv)色宜居(ju)(ju)感受。鼓勵農村(cun)“四旁(pang)”(水(shui)(shui)旁(pang)、路旁(pang)、村(cun)旁(pang)、宅旁(pang))種(zhong)(zhong)植鄉(xiang)土珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),打造生態(tai)宜居(ju)(ju)的美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)。選擇適度(du)規格的苗木(mu),除必須截干栽植的樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)外,應使(shi)用全冠苗。尊重(zhong)自然規律(lv),堅決反對“大(da)(da)樹(shu)進城(cheng)(cheng)”等(deng)急功(gong)近利行為,避免(mian)片(pian)面追求(qiu)景觀(guan)化,切(qie)忌行政(zheng)命令瞎指揮,嚴禁脫離實(shi)際、鋪張浪費、勞民(min)傷財搞綠(lv)(lv)化的面子工程(cheng)、形象工程(cheng)。(住(zhu)房城鄉建設部、自(zi)然資源部、國家(jia)林草局、交(jiao)通運輸(shu)部等按(an)職責分工負責)

(十一)鞏固提升(sheng)綠化質(zhi)量和成(cheng)效。各地(di)(di)要(yao)對新造(zao)幼林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)進行(xing)封山育(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),加(jia)強(qiang)撫(fu)育(yu)(yu)管護(hu)、補(bu)植補(bu)造(zao),建(jian)(jian)立完善綠化(hua)(hua)后期養(yang)(yang)護(hu)管護(hu)制度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)投入機制,提(ti)高成林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)率。國有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業企事業單位(wei)要(yao)科(ke)學編制森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)經(jing)營(ying)方(fang)案,科(ke)學、規范、可(ke)持續(xu)開展(zhan)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong)(dong)。鼓(gu)勵發展(zhan)家庭林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、股份合作(zuo)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)等,支(zhi)持國有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)場(chang)外造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin),積極推動(dong)(dong)集體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)適(shi)度(du)規模經(jing)營(ying)。實(shi)施森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)質量精準提(ti)升工程,加(jia)大(da)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)撫(fu)育(yu)(yu)、退化(hua)(hua)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)修復力度(du),優化(hua)(hua)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)結構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)功能(neng)(neng),提(ti)高森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統質量、穩定(ding)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)碳匯能(neng)(neng)力。加(jia)大(da)人工針(zhen)葉純林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)改造(zao)力度(du),開展(zhan)健康森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)設,增強(qiang)松材線蟲(chong)病等有(you)(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物災害(hai)防控(kong)能(neng)(neng)力。加(jia)強(qiang)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)防火基礎能(neng)(neng)力建(jian)(jian)設。實(shi)施草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)修復重大(da)工程,加(jia)快(kuai)退化(hua)(hua)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)恢復,提(ti)升草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)產能(neng)(neng)力。采取有(you)(you)償方(fang)式(shi)合理利用國有(you)(you)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)及景(jing)觀資(zi)源(yuan)開展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)旅游、森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)康養(yang)(yang)等,提(ti)高林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)資(zi)源(yuan)綜(zong)合效益。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)用途管制,嚴厲查處亂砍(kan)濫伐(fa)、非(fei)法開墾、非(fei)法侵(qin)占林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)公(gong)園綠地(di)(di)等違法行(xing)為。嚴格保(bao)護(hu)修復古樹名(ming)木及其自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)境,對古樹名(ming)木實(shi)行(xing)掛牌保(bao)護(hu),及時搶救復壯。(國家林(lin)草局、住房城(cheng)鄉建設部等按職責分(fen)工(gong)負(fu)責)

(十二)創新開(kai)展監測(ce)評價。依據(ju)國(guo)土(tu)空(kong)間(jian)規劃“一張圖(tu)”,將綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)任務和綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)果落(luo)到(dao)實地(di)、落(luo)到(dao)圖(tu)斑、落(luo)到(dao)數據(ju)庫,重點生態保護(hu)修(xiu)復(fu)工(gong)程(cheng)要推進作業設(she)計編制、施工(gong)、檢查驗收全(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管,全(quan)面監(jian)測(ce)林草資源狀(zhuang)況(kuang)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。構建天空(kong)地(di)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)綜合(he)監(jian)測(ce)評價(jia)體系(xi),運用自然資源調(diao)查、林草資源監(jian)測(ce)及年度更新成(cheng)果,提升(sheng)國(guo)土(tu)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)監(jian)測(ce)信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)精準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)平。按照林草一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)要求因地(di)制宜設(she)定評價(jia)指(zhi)標,制定國(guo)土(tu)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)效(xiao)評價(jia)辦(ban)法(fa),科學評價(jia)國(guo)土(tu)綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)效(xiao)。(國家林草局、自然(ran)資源部等按職責(ze)分工負責(ze))

三、保障措施

(十(shi)三)完善政策(ce)機制。各級(ji)人民(min)政(zheng)府要(yao)合理安排(pai)資(zi)金,將國土(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)列入預(yu)算(suan),不斷(duan)優化(hua)投(tou)資(zi)結構(gou)。鼓勵(li)地方(fang)(fang)采(cai)取以(yi)獎代補、貸款貼息(xi)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)式創(chuang)(chuang)新國土(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)投(tou)入機(ji)制,實行差(cha)異化(hua)財(cai)政(zheng)補助政(zheng)策,支持(chi)引導營(ying)造(zao)混交(jiao)林、在旱區營(ying)造(zao)灌木林、在條件適宜地區飛(fei)播造(zao)林和封山育(yu)林、使用鄉土(tu)珍(zhen)貴(gui)樹種育(yu)苗造(zao)林、實施退(tui)化(hua)草(cao)(cao)原種草(cao)(cao)改良(liang)等(deng)。中央(yang)財(cai)政(zheng)繼續通過造(zao)林補助等(deng)資(zi)金渠道支持(chi)鄉村綠(lv)化(hua)。在不新增隱性(xing)債務的(de)前提下,鼓勵(li)金融機(ji)構(gou)創(chuang)(chuang)新金融產品和服務方(fang)(fang)式,支持(chi)社會(hui)資(zi)本依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規(gui)參(can)與(yu)國土(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)和生態(tai)保護修復。制定林業草(cao)(cao)原碳匯行動方(fang)(fang)案,深化(hua)集體林權制度改革,加快建(jian)立生態(tai)產品價值實現機(ji)制,完善(shan)生態(tai)補償機(ji)制。(國(guo)家發(fa)展改革委、財政(zheng)部、人民(min)銀行、國(guo)家林草局等按職責(ze)分工負責(ze))

(十四(si))健(jian)全(quan)管理制度。完善土地(di)支持政策,對集中連片開展國(guo)土綠(lv)化、生態(tai)修復達到(dao)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)規(gui)模和預(yu)期目(mu)標的(de)(de)經營(ying)主(zhu)體(ti),可在(zai)符合國(guo)土空間規(gui)劃的(de)(de)前提(ti)下,在(zai)依(yi)法辦理用(yong)地(di)審批和供地(di)手續后(hou),將(jiang)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)治理面(mian)積用(yong)于生態(tai)旅游、森(sen)林康養(yang)等相關產業開發。探索特大城(cheng)市、超大城(cheng)市的(de)(de)公園綠(lv)地(di)依(yi)法辦理用(yong)地(di)手續但不(bu)納(na)入城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建設用(yong)地(di)規(gui)模管(guan)理的(de)(de)新(xin)機制。完善林木(mu)采伐(fa)(fa)管(guan)理政策,優先(xian)保障(zhang)森(sen)林撫育(yu)、退(tui)化林修復、林分更新(xin)改造(zao)等采伐(fa)(fa)需求,促進(jin)森(sen)林質量提(ti)升(sheng)和災害防控;放(fang)活人工(gong)商品林自主(zhu)經營(ying),規(gui)模經營(ying)的(de)(de)人工(gong)商品林可單獨編制森(sen)林采伐(fa)(fa)限額(e),統(tong)一納(na)入年采伐(fa)(fa)限額(e)管(guan)理。將(jiang)造(zao)林綠(lv)化后(hou)期管(guan)護納(na)入生態(tai)護林(草)員(yuan)職責(ze)范(fan)圍(wei),并(bing)與(yu)生態(tai)護林(草)員(yuan)績效(xiao)掛鉤。完善并(bing)落實(shi)草原承(cheng)包經營(ying)制度,明確所有權、使(shi)用(yong)權,穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)承(cheng)包權,放(fang)活經營(ying)權,規(gui)范(fan)草原經營(ying)權流轉,壓實(shi)責(ze)任主(zhu)體(ti),持續改善草原生態(tai)狀況。(自(zi)然資源部(bu)、國家(jia)林草(cao)局等按職責(ze)分(fen)工負責(ze))

(十五)強化科技支撐(cheng)。開(kai)展林草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資源普查和(he)(he)林木良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、草(cao)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審定,加強(qiang)重要鄉土(tu)(tu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資源收集保(bao)護(hu)、開(kai)發利用(yong)(yong)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗繁育等(deng)(deng)(deng)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)術和(he)(he)設施(shi)研發。優化(hua)完善(shan)國土(tu)(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)技(ji)術標(biao)準體(ti)系。健全生態定位(wei)觀測監測體(ti)系。通過國家科(ke)技(ji)計劃(專項(xiang)、基金等(deng)(deng)(deng)),開(kai)展松材線蟲病等(deng)(deng)(deng)重大(da)(da)有害生物災(zai)害防控、林水關(guan)系、鄉土(tu)(tu)珍(zhen)稀樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)擴繁等(deng)(deng)(deng)科(ke)技(ji)攻關(guan)。加大(da)(da)國土(tu)(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)和(he)(he)生態保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復機(ji)械裝備研發力度(du)。遴選儲備、推(tui)廣(guang)實施(shi)一批實用(yong)(yong)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)的生態保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復科(ke)技(ji)成果轉化(hua)項(xiang)目。(國家林草局、科技(ji)部等按職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)分工負責(ze)(ze))

(十六(liu))加強組織領(ling)導。全面推行(xing)林長制,明確(que)(que)地方領(ling)導干(gan)部保護發(fa)(fa)展森(sen)林草原資源目標(biao)責任。地方各級人民(min)政(zheng)府要切實(shi)履(lv)行(xing)科(ke)(ke)學綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)主(zhu)體責任,明確(que)(que)相關部門的目標(biao)任務和落實(shi)措施。各級綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)委員會要充分發(fa)(fa)揮組織(zhi)領(ling)導、宣傳發(fa)(fa)動、協調指(zhi)導等作用(yong),強化(hua)國(guo)土綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)管理、監督檢查(cha)、考核評價(jia)等工作,持(chi)之以(yi)恒(heng)推進全民(min)義務植(zhi)樹(shu)。對(dui)科(ke)(ke)學綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)成效顯(xian)著(zhu)的單位和個人,按照(zhao)國(guo)家有關規(gui)定給(gei)予表彰、獎勵(li)。對(dui)違背科(ke)(ke)學規(gui)律和群眾意愿(yuan)搞綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)的錯誤行(xing)為,要及(ji)時(shi)制止糾正(zheng);對(dui)造成不良(liang)影(ying)響和嚴重后(hou)果(guo)的,要依法依規(gui)追(zhui)責。廣(guang)泛開展宣傳教育,弘揚科(ke)(ke)學綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)理念,普及(ji)科(ke)(ke)學綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)知(zhi)識(shi),倡導節儉務實(shi)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)風氣,樹(shu)立正(zheng)確(que)(que)的綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展觀政(zheng)績觀。加(jia)強輿(yu)論引(yin)導,積極回應社(she)會關切,營造科(ke)(ke)學綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)的良(liang)好(hao)氛(fen)圍。(各相關部門按職責分(fen)工負責)

國務院辦公廳

2021518